Important clinical claims are checked against primary or high-authority sources. The content is written in clear English for patients without turning a population guideline into an individual recommendation.
Source hierarchy
- Current professional clinical guidelines, particularly the European Association of Urology (EAU) for male hypogonadism.
- Regulatory sources and official product information, such as AEMPS CIMA and Spanish regulation when the question depends on prescribing or dispensing in Spain.
- Large clinical trials and systematic reviews for benefits, harms and areas where new evidence may post-date guideline publication.
- Scientific societies and consensus statements for additional context.
- Secondary sources only when they help explain a concept and do not replace a stronger available source.
How uncertainty is handled
Not every clinical question has a binary answer. When the evidence depends on age, symptoms, laboratory method, testosterone formulation or baseline risk, the text aims to say this explicitly. A threshold such as 12 nmol/L is presented as part of a diagnostic process rather than a line that automatically separates "healthy" from "unwell".
Spain-specific information
AEMPS records and official product information are used for medicines. Spanish regulation is prioritised for prescribing and dispensing. Telemedicine is described using the same clinical principle: the consultation channel may change, but it should not lower the standard of diagnosis, patient identification, test review or follow-up.
Medicines are described by active ingredient and authorised formulation for information, with official product information cited. Commercial brands are not promoted.
References in the FAQs
Each FAQ answer includes at least one linked source. General diagnosis or monitoring questions may cite the EAU guideline; questions that depend on regulation or medicine availability in Spain use Spanish sources where relevant.
Medical review
Content is reviewed by Dr Adam Abbs. Medical review checks accuracy, proportional risk language, consistency between pages and that prescription-only medicines are not presented as consumer products.
What this site does not do
It does not replace a consultation, diagnose from a questionnaire, recommend an individual dose, sell testosterone or rank commercial TRT providers. Interactive tools process values locally and are designed for education rather than prescribing.
Review history
- : full clinical review of the guide. AEMPS CIMA product information for authorised testosterone formulations, dosing schedules and contraindications was reviewed, together with the Endocrine Society statement of 16 July 2026.